Hernia - Symptoms, Causes and Prevention

Hernia in Urdu

ہرنیا جسم کے کسی اندرونی عضو کا اس کے گرد موجود پٹھوں سے باہر نکل آنے کی حالت ہے۔ زیادہ تر ہرنیا پیٹ یا اس کے ارد گرد کے اعضا میں دیکھنے آتا ہے لیکن ہ ٹانگوں کے اوپری حصے یا ناف میں بھی ہو سکتا ہے۔ موٹاپا، حمل، سرجری یا بہت زیادہ وزن اٹھانے والی مشقت کرنا اس بیماری کا باعث بن سکتا ہے۔ اگرچہ یہ کوئی سنگین بیماری نہیں ہے لیکن کچھ ھالات میں اس کا علاج بذریعہ سرجری کیا جانا ناگزیر ہو جاتا ہے۔

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Summary about Hernia in English

Marham provides a platform to consult the best hernia surgeon in Pakistan. You can book an appointment online with the top hernia specialist in Pakistan from the above list. We are trusted by our doctors who are known for their quality services and hernia treatment based on their medical experience, practice locations, availability hours, patient reviews, and price range.

A hernia is a disease during which an internal organ protrudes or leaks through the weak points of the surrounding muscles. Hernia can occur anywhere in the body but common hernias develop in the abdominal and groin region. Hernia disease does not cause much pain in the initial stages but it should be removed in the early stages to avoid complications.

Which specialist deals with Hernia?

Hernia disease can be treated in Pakistan by the top general or laparoscopic surgeons. 

Diagnosis of Hernia disease

Hernia can be diagnosed by doctors in Pakistan by a physical exam of the groin area to detect the bulge followed by a CT scan for a confirmatory diagnosis.

Hernia disease Treatment

Hernia generally does not repair on its own and surgical treatment is required. The surgical treatment for hernia can be either an;

  • Open hernia surgery - during which an incision is made in the region of the disease and the hernia is repaired. The incision is closed using sutures

  • Laparoscopic surgery - which is a hernia surgery using certain medical tools to repair the hernia. Robotic surgery may also be performed during which the tools are operated by the robots and the central control operations lie in the hands of the surgeon performing the surgery.

Complications associated with Hernia

Hernias are treated during the early stages to prevent complications of the disease. Some of the complications that can worsen the disease include;

  • Enlargement of hernia: If not treated earlier, a hernia can extend to the nearby regions affecting other organs. For eg during inguinal hernia in men, the hernial bulge may extend to the scrotum

  • Obstructive hernia: Also known as incarcerated hernia, it is a complication associated with a hernia during which part of the abdominal muscles or intestines become trapped in the hernial sac leading to bowel obstructions, nausea, vomiting, and other digestive complications

  • Intestinal ischemia: It is also known as a strangulated hernia. In severe cases, a hernia can result in a life-threatening situation where the blood supply to the part of the intestines is blocked resulting in an intestinal ischemic attack

  • Excruciating groin pain: Unbearable pain in the groin, inner thighs, and back can occur making it difficult to even stand straight

  • Scrotal and testicular pain and swelling: Leading to immobility, these types of pains and swellings are a medical emergency and need immediate surgery for treating the hernia in Pakistan.

Need a hernia doctor? Book an appointment with the best hernia doctor in Pakistan. Marham can help you find a general surgeon for hernia treatment in your area and schedule an appointment.

Symptoms of Hernia

Some of the common symptoms associated with hernia include;

  • A noticeable bulge in the groin or abdominal region that gets more noticeable 

  • Increased sudden pain at the site or bulge

  • Painful sensations that get worsened quickly

  • Bowel obstruction

  • Fever

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Heartburn

In children, a noticeable swelling particularly in the groin region can be felt if the congenital hernia is present in addition to the tenderness in the belly region.

Causes of Hernia

A hernia does not usually have a definitive cause and can affect an individual at any stage of their life. 

However, certain hernias may occur due to the;

  • Congenital (present since birth)

  • Lifting heavy weights

  • Pressure in the abdominal region

  • Pregnancy

  • Chronic persistent cough

  • Digestive issues like diarrhea and constipation

  • Muscle weakness associated with aging

Obesity and nutritional deficiencies can also weaken the abdominal muscles resulting in weak spots for a hernia.

Risk Factors of Hernia

Hernia can develop at any age and affect individuals at all ages however, certain factors may contribute to the increase in the risk of developing the hernia disease.

Some of the commonly known risk factors associated with hernia include;

  • Male gender

  • Old age

  • Family history

  • Pregnancy

  • Lifting heavy weight

  • Strenuous activity

  • Chronic persistent constipation

  • Chronic cough

  • Premature delivery in children

  • Low body weight during birth

  • Had hernia in the past

Preventive Measures of Hernia

You can not prevent an inherent defect that makes you prone to an inguinal hernia. However, you can reduce the pressure on the muscles and the abdominal tissue. For example:

  •  Keep a healthy weight and talk to your doctor about the best exercise and diet for you.

  •  Focus on foods with high fiber content. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contain fiber, preventing constipation and fatigue.

  •  Lift heavy objects carefully or do not pick up heavy objects. If you need to lift something heavy, always bend the knees, not the waist.

  •  Stop smoking. In addition to its role in many serious illnesses, smoking often causes a chronic cough that can lead to or increase the depth of inguinal hernias.

  • Wearing supportive clothing designed to hold a hernia in place (the hernia shoe) does not solve the problem or prevent complications. 

Types of Hernia

There are different types of hernias based on the locations of projecting organs. A hernia is classified generally as;

  • Inguinal hernia: The ratio of this most common type of hernia is higher in men as compared to women. During an inguinal hernia, part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal muscles or the groin

  • Femoral hernia: The femoral artery is carried into the upper thigh through the canal. A femoral hernia occurs when part of the intestine enters this canal. It is common in pregnant and obese women

  • Umbilical hernia: During umbilical hernia, a part of the small intestine projects out through the abdominal wall near the belly button

  • Incisional hernia: It is the projection of the tissues from the abdominal or pelvic scar

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