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Kidney stones also referred to as renal calculi, are hard deposits found inside the kidneys. They are made from materials like calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or cystine, which could acquire and crystallize inside the urinary tract. Kidney stones vary in size, starting from as small as a grain of sand to large formations. When the stones grow in size or multiply, they are able to cause intense aches and block the flow of urine, leading to health risks. Dietary and lifestyle adjustments are often encouraged to save people from this situation.
The signs of kidney stones can vary depending on factors such as the size, location, and movement of the stone within the urinary tract. Common signs and symptoms of kidney stones include:
Severe pain
Hematuria
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Nausea and vomiting
Fever and chills
Dehydration
Dietary factors
Family history
Certain medical conditions
Certain medications
Obesity
Weight loss surgery
Urinary tract abnormalities
Sedentary lifestyle and
Increased exposure to chemicals
Kidney stones are commonly diagnosed through an aggregate of medical history, bodily examination, and imaging tests inclusive of ultrasound, X-ray, or CT test. Urine and blood exams can also be conducted to evaluate kidney function and check for any abnormalities. Consultation with a urologist is critical for a correct analysis and appropriate treatment.
Common treatment options include:
Medications: Pain relievers may be prescribed to manage pain, and medications such as alpha-blockers can help relax the muscles in the urinary tract, making it easier for stones to pass.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This non-invasive procedure uses shock waves to break larger stones into smaller pieces so they can pass more easily.
Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy: A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the ureter, and laser energy is used to break up or remove stones.
Surgical intervention: In rare cases where other treatments are ineffective or the stone is too large, open surgery may be required to remove the stone.
