{"id":105917,"date":"2026-06-30T11:17:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T06:17:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/?p=105917"},"modified":"2026-06-30T11:17:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T06:17:28","slug":"epileptic-seizure-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Epileptic Seizures in Pakistan: What Each One Looks Like"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in Pakistan, yet the seizures it causes are frequently misread. A child who stares blankly for a few seconds gets labelled inattentive in class. A teenager whose hand jerks at breakfast is told they slept badly. These are not personality quirks \u2014 they may be seizures.<\/p>\n<p>According to the World Health Organization, approximately 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy. A population-based study published in PubMed, covering over 24,000 individuals from southern Pakistan, estimated the prevalence at roughly 9.99 per 1,000 people, with the highest burden falling on those under 30 years of age. Pakistan&#8217;s national epilepsy guidelines, published through the Aga Khan University, estimate around 2 million Pakistanis are living with active epilepsy \u2014 roughly one-tenth of the global burden.<\/p>\n<p>The single most important thing families and patients can do is recognise what type of seizure they are seeing. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), the global body that sets seizure classification standards, updated its classification system in April 2025. It now recognises four main seizure classes and 21 distinct seizure types. This guide walks through the ones Pakistani patients and caregivers encounter most.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%92_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA\" >\u0645\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#How_Are_Epileptic_Seizures_Classified\" >How Are Epileptic Seizures Classified?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Focal_Seizures_When_Only_Part_of_the_Brain_Is_Involved\" >Focal Seizures: When Only Part of the Brain Is Involved<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Generalised_Seizures_When_Both_Sides_of_the_Brain_Fire_at_Once\" >Generalised Seizures: When Both Sides of the Brain Fire at Once<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Grand_Mal\" >Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Grand Mal)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Absence_Seizures_Petit_Mal\" >Absence Seizures (Petit Mal)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Myoclonic_Seizures\" >Myoclonic Seizures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Atonic_Seizures_Drop_Attacks\" >Atonic Seizures (Drop Attacks)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Tonic_Seizures\" >Tonic Seizures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Clonic_Seizures\" >Clonic Seizures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Epileptic_Spasms_A_Type_Seen_Mainly_in_Infants\" >Epileptic Spasms: A Type Seen Mainly in Infants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Seizure_First_Aid_What_to_Do_in_Pakistan\" >Seizure First Aid: What to Do in Pakistan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Do_You_Need_to_See_a_Specialist_A_Quick_Self-Check\" >Do You Need to See a Specialist? A Quick Self-Check<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Speak_to_a_Neurologist_on_Marham\" >Speak to a Neurologist on Marham<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#What_is_the_difference_between_focal_and_generalised_seizures\" >What is the difference between focal and generalised seizures?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Can_absence_seizures_go_undiagnosed_for_years\" >Can absence seizures go undiagnosed for years?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#What_triggers_epileptic_seizures\" >What triggers epileptic seizures?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#What_happens_after_a_tonic-clonic_seizure_%E2%80%94_the_postictal_phase\" >What happens after a tonic-clonic seizure \u2014 the postictal phase?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#How_is_the_type_of_seizure_diagnosed\" >How is the type of seizure diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/epileptic-seizure-types\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%92_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0645\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u06be\u0679\u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c1\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0679\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06d4 \u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06af \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u0679 \u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Are_Epileptic_Seizures_Classified\"><\/span>How Are Epileptic Seizures Classified?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Seizures are classified first by where in the brain they begin, then by whether the person remains conscious, and then by what the body does. The 2025 ILAE classification uses four onset categories: focal, generalized, unknown, and unclassified.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding this framework matters because the seizure type directly determines which anti-epileptic medication a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk\/doctors\/neurologist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurologist<\/a> will prescribe. A drug that controls tonic-clonic seizures may do nothing for absence seizures, and vice versa.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Focal Seizure<\/th>\n<th>Generalized Seizure<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Brain origin<\/td>\n<td>One hemisphere (side)<\/td>\n<td>Both hemispheres simultaneously<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consciousness<\/td>\n<td>May be preserved or impaired<\/td>\n<td>Usually impaired<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duration<\/td>\n<td>Seconds to a few minutes<\/td>\n<td>Seconds to several minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aura (warning)<\/td>\n<td>Common<\/td>\n<td>Rare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Common subtypes<\/td>\n<td>Focal aware, focal impaired awareness<\/td>\n<td>Tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>EEG pattern<\/td>\n<td>Localised abnormal discharge<\/td>\n<td>Widespread bilateral discharge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Focal_Seizures_When_Only_Part_of_the_Brain_Is_Involved\"><\/span>Focal Seizures: When Only Part of the Brain Is Involved<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Focal seizures, formerly called partial seizures, begin in a specific area of one brain hemisphere. According to CURE Epilepsy, focal seizures affect approximately 60% of people with epilepsy worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>There are two main subtypes based on awareness:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/types-of-epileptic-seizures-in-pakistan-content-1-1782800072.webp\" alt=\"Focal Seizures: When Only Part of the Brain Is Involved\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Focal aware seizures (the older term was simple partial seizures): the person stays fully conscious throughout. They may feel a sudden wave of fear, smell something that is not there, notice their hand twitching, or experience a strange rising sensation in the stomach. These sensory or emotional experiences are sometimes called an aura. Many people with generalised seizures report an aura just before losing consciousness \u2014 that aura is itself a focal aware seizure spreading to both hemispheres.<\/p>\n<p>Focal impaired awareness seizures (formerly complex partial seizures): consciousness is disrupted. The person may stare blankly, make repetitive automatic movements such as lip-smacking, picking at clothing, or walking in circles. They cannot respond normally to their name and will have little or no memory of the event afterward. These episodes last roughly one to three minutes.<\/p>\n<p>A focal seizure can sometimes spread from one hemisphere to both, becoming a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. This is what older textbooks called secondary generalisation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Generalised_Seizures_When_Both_Sides_of_the_Brain_Fire_at_Once\"><\/span>Generalised Seizures: When Both Sides of the Brain Fire at Once<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Generalised seizures involve both brain hemispheres from the very start. They typically cause some loss of consciousness and vary widely in what the body does.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Grand_Mal\"><\/span>Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Grand Mal)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This is the most recognised seizure type and, in Pakistan, the most common. The PubMed population study from southern Pakistan found tonic-clonic seizures in 77% of cases \u2014 59% primary generalised and 18% secondarily generalised. The seizure has two phases:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tonic phase: the body suddenly stiffens. The person may cry out as air is forced through the vocal cords, then falls.<\/li>\n<li>Clonic phase: rhythmic jerking of the arms and legs follows, typically lasting one to three minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Afterward, the person enters a postictal state: deep confusion, exhaustion, and sometimes a severe headache that can last 30 minutes to several hours. Some people experience Todd&#8217;s paralysis \u2014 a temporary weakness or paralysis on one side of the body that can last up to 36 hours and is sometimes mistaken for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk\/diseases\/stroke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke<\/a>, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Absence_Seizures_Petit_Mal\"><\/span>Absence Seizures (Petit Mal)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Absence seizures are brief, sudden lapses in awareness, most common in children. The child stops mid-sentence, stares into space with a blank expression, and may blink rapidly or make small chewing movements. The episode typically lasts 5 to 30 seconds, then stops just as abruptly as it started, with no postictal confusion.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/types-of-epileptic-seizures-in-pakistan-content-2-1782800075.webp\" alt=\"Absence Seizures (Petit Mal)\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>In Pakistani school settings, absence seizures are regularly dismissed as daydreaming or inattention, and children are sometimes referred for ADHD assessment before the neurological cause is identified. If a child has many such episodes daily and cannot recall them, that is a red flag for absence epilepsy, not a behavioural problem.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Myoclonic_Seizures\"><\/span>Myoclonic Seizures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Myoclonic seizures produce sudden, brief, shock-like jerks of one or more muscle groups \u2014 most commonly the arms and shoulders. They usually last less than a second. Many patients describe it as being startled by an electric shock. These jerks typically occur in the morning, shortly after waking, and can cause a person to drop or fling objects. They may appear in isolation or as part of a broader epilepsy syndrome such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atonic_Seizures_Drop_Attacks\"><\/span>Atonic Seizures (Drop Attacks)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Atonic seizures cause a sudden, complete loss of muscle tone. The person&#8217;s head may drop forward, or they may collapse to the ground without any warning. These episodes last less than 15 seconds, and the person typically regains consciousness immediately. The danger is the fall itself: repeated drop attacks cause head injuries, which is why some patients require protective headgear. Neurologists in Pakistan managing patients with frequent atonic seizures take fall prevention very seriously.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tonic_Seizures\"><\/span>Tonic Seizures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tonic seizures involve sustained stiffening of muscles, usually in the back, arms, and legs, without the clonic jerking phase. They tend to occur during sleep and last 20 seconds to a few minutes. The person may fall if standing.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clonic_Seizures\"><\/span>Clonic Seizures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Clonic seizures consist of rhythmic, repetitive jerking movements without the preceding tonic stiffening. They are less common than tonic-clonic seizures and typically affect the neck, face, and arms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Epileptic_Spasms_A_Type_Seen_Mainly_in_Infants\"><\/span>Epileptic Spasms: A Type Seen Mainly in Infants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Epiliptic spasms are brief, sudden flexing or extending of the trunk and limbs, lasting about one second each. They cluster in groups, repeating every few seconds over 5 to 10 minutes, and may occur multiple times a day. When they appear in infants under two years old, they are called infantile spasms, a serious condition that requires urgent neurological evaluation. Early treatment is linked to better developmental outcomes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/types-of-epileptic-seizures-in-pakistan-content-3-1782800078.webp\" alt=\"Epileptic Spasms: A Type Seen Mainly in Infants\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Seizure_First_Aid_What_to_Do_in_Pakistan\"><\/span>Seizure First Aid: What to Do in Pakistan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Knowing how to respond is as important as knowing the type. These steps apply to most convulsive seizures:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Stay calm and stay with the person.<\/li>\n<li>Clear the area of hard or sharp objects.<\/li>\n<li>Gently turn the person onto their side (recovery position) to keep the airway clear.<\/li>\n<li>Do not put anything in their mouth \u2014 this is a common and dangerous misconception in Pakistan.<\/li>\n<li>Time the seizure. If it lasts more than 5 minutes, call emergency services immediately.<\/li>\n<li>Do not restrain the person&#8217;s movements.<\/li>\n<li>Stay with them through the postictal confusion and reassure them gently when they regain awareness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>According to NINDS, evidence shows that five minutes of continuous seizure activity is sufficient to damage neurons, making it a medical emergency.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_You_Need_to_See_a_Specialist_A_Quick_Self-Check\"><\/span>Do You Need to See a Specialist? A Quick Self-Check<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Consider booking a neurological evaluation if any of the following apply:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You or a family member has had more than one unexplained episode of staring, jerking, falling, or confusion<\/li>\n<li>Seizure-like episodes are happening during sleep and going unnoticed until someone reports them<\/li>\n<li>A child is being flagged for inattention or behavioural issues but cannot recall episodes during the day<\/li>\n<li>A known seizure lasted more than 5 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Recovery after an episode takes longer than 30 minutes<\/li>\n<li>A new type of episode has appeared in someone already diagnosed with epilepsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If 3 or more of these apply, a specialist evaluation is warranted.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Speak_to_a_Neurologist_on_Marham\"><\/span>Speak to a Neurologist on Marham<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Getting access to a neurologist in Pakistan can mean long waiting times, particularly outside Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad. Many families in smaller cities spend weeks waiting for an appointment while a child continues having daily absence episodes or a young adult avoids driving because of uncontrolled focal seizures.<\/p>\n<p>Marham connects you with verified <a title=\"neurologists in Pakistan\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk\/doctors\/neurologist\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">neurologists in Pakistan<\/a> through online consultations, so you can get a specialist opinion without travelling. A short online consultation typically takes 15 to 20 minutes and can clarify whether what you are observing warrants an EEG, a brain MRI, or an adjustment to existing medication. If the neurologist suspects a specific epilepsy syndrome, they can refer you for in-person testing. You can also use Marham to learn more about <a title=\"epilepsy and seizure disorders\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marham.pk\/diseases\/stroke\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">epilepsy and seizure disorders<\/a> and related neurological conditions while you wait for your appointment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_focal_and_generalised_seizures\"><\/span>What is the difference between focal and generalised seizures?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Focal seizures start in one specific area of the brain and may or may not affect consciousness, while generalised seizures involve both hemispheres from the beginning and almost always cause some loss of awareness. The distinction matters because the two types respond to different medications.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_absence_seizures_go_undiagnosed_for_years\"><\/span>Can absence seizures go undiagnosed for years?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, they can. Absence seizures are brief and leave no postictal confusion, so they are frequently mistaken for daydreaming, inattention, or ADHD, particularly in school-age children in Pakistan. A video EEG can confirm the diagnosis definitively.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_triggers_epileptic_seizures\"><\/span>What triggers epileptic seizures?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Common triggers include sleep deprivation, missed anti-epileptic medication, fever, flashing lights (photosensitivity), alcohol, and significant psychological stress. Triggers vary between individuals, and not every seizure has an identifiable trigger.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_happens_after_a_tonic-clonic_seizure_%E2%80%94_the_postictal_phase\"><\/span>What happens after a tonic-clonic seizure \u2014 the postictal phase?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>After a tonic-clonic seizure, the person enters a postictal state: deep confusion, fatigue, headache, and sometimes temporary weakness on one side of the body (Todd&#8217;s paralysis). This phase can last from 30 minutes to several hours and is a normal part of the seizure, not a separate emergency.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_the_type_of_seizure_diagnosed\"><\/span>How is the type of seizure diagnosed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosis relies on a detailed description of the episode from the patient and a witness, combined with an EEG (electroencephalogram, a brain electrical activity test) and often a brain MRI. Video-EEG monitoring, where the brain activity and body movements are recorded simultaneously, is the most reliable method for classifying seizure type.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Epileptic seizures are not one thing. A blank stare in a child, a morning hand jerk in a teenager, and a full convulsion in an adult can all be epilepsy \u2014 but each is a different seizure type requiring a different clinical approach. Recognising what you are seeing is the first step toward getting the right diagnosis and the right treatment. If something looks like a seizure, it deserves a neurological evaluation, not a wait-and-see approach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in Pakistan, yet the seizures it causes are frequently misread. A child who stares blankly for a few seconds gets labelled inattentive in class. A teenager whose hand jerks at breakfast is told they slept badly. These are not personality quirks \u2014 they may be<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":105913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_reviewer_name":"","_reviewer_specialty":"","_reviewer_photo_url":"","_reviewer_profile_url":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6054],"tags":[8705,8708,8685,8704],"class_list":["post-105917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","placeholder-for-hentry","category-brain-issues","tag-diagnosis","tag-neurologist","tag-pakistan","tag-stroke"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Sameed Chaudhary","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/types-of-epileptic-seizures-in-pakistan-featured-1782800069.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105917"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105918,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105917\/revisions\/105918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marham.pk/healthhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}