Cholesterol Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

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Cholesterol Meaning in Urdu

کولیسٹرول خون میں موجود ایک قسم کی چکنائی ہے جو جسم کے لیے کچھ حد تک ضروری ہوتی ہے، لیکن اس کی زیادہ مقدار صحت کے لیے نقصان دہ ثابت ہو سکتی ہے۔ یہ شریانوں میں جم کر دل اور دماغ کو خون کی روانی روکنے کا سبب بن سکتی ہے، جس سے دل کا دورہ یا فالج جیسے سنگین مسائل پیدا ہو سکتے ہیں۔ متوازن غذا، باقاعدہ ورزش اور وزن پر قابو رکھ کر کولیسٹرول کی سطح کو بہتر بنایا جا سکتا ہے۔

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About Cholesterol

Cholesterol meaning in Urdu is "کولیسٹرول". It is a waxy, fat-like substance found in your blood. Your body needs some cholesterol to build cells, hormones, and vitamin D, but too much of it can build up in your blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Cholesterol is carried through the blood by two main types of lipoproteins: LDL (low-density lipoprotein, also called "bad" cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein, also called "good" cholesterol). 

High cholesterol usually has no symptoms, which is why a blood test is the only way to know your levels. It is common in Pakistan, where heart disease is one of the leading causes of death.

Cholesterol Symptoms

High cholesterol itself rarely causes symptoms, which is why it is mostly called a silent condition. Most people only find out through a blood test. However, very high levels or related complications can show some signs, including:

• Chest pain or tightness (angina)
• Shortness of breath during normal activity
• Pain in the legs while walking
• Numbness in arms or legs
• Fatty deposits under the skin (xanthomas)
• Yellowish patches on the eyelids (xanthelasma)
• A grey ring around the cornea of the eye (corneal arcus)
• Cold feet or hands due to poor circulation
• Fatigue

Seek a doctor's help immediately if you notice:

• Sudden chest pain 
• Pain spreading to the arm, jaw, neck, or back
• Sudden slurred speech 
• Vision problems
• Severe shortness of breath
• Persistent pain in the legs while walking that goes away with rest

Cholesterol Causes

Cholesterol levels rise due to a mix of lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors. Common causes include:

• A diet high in saturated and trans fats
• Eating large amounts of fried, processed, or fatty foods
• Being overweight or obese
• Lack of regular physical activity
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Family history of high cholesterol (familial hypercholesterolemia)
• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
• Kidney or liver disease
• Certain medications, including some steroids and diuretics
• Ageing

Cholesterol Risk Factors

You may be more likely to have high cholesterol if you:

• Eat a diet high in saturated fats, fried, and fast food
• Are overweight or obese
• Do not exercise regularly
• Smoke or use tobacco
• Drink alcohol heavily
• Have diabetes
• Have high blood pressure
• Have a family history of high cholesterol or early heart disease
• Are over 40 years of age
• Are a woman who has reached menopause
• Have an underactive thyroid
• Have chronic kidney disease

Cholesterol Prevention

To reduce your chances of developing high cholesterol:

• Follow a heart-healthy diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
• Limit red meat, fried foods, and full-fat dairy
• Stay physically active for at least 150 minutes a week
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Do not smoke
• Drink alcohol in moderation, or avoid it
• Manage diabetes and blood pressure well
• Get your cholesterol checked regularly, especially after age 40
• Sleep well and manage stress
• Take prescribed medicines on time

Cholesterol Types

Cholesterol is classified based on the type of lipoprotein that carries it and the overall pattern of fats in the blood. The main types include:

LDL Cholesterol (Bad Cholesterol)

LDL cholesterol, also known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), carries cholesterol from the liver to the body's cells. High levels of LDL cause cholesterol to build up in the walls of arteries, narrowing them and raising the risk of heart attack and stroke.

HDL Cholesterol (Good Cholesterol)

HDL Cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein carries cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is removed from the body. Higher HDL levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease.

VLDL Cholesterol

Very low-density lipoprotein mainly carries triglycerides in the blood. High VLDL levels are also linked with plaque build-up in the arteries.

Triglycerides

These are a separate type of fat in the blood. High triglycerides along with high LDL or low HDL increase the risk of heart disease.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

It’s a genetic condition that causes very high LDL cholesterol from a young age. People with this type are at much higher risk of early heart disease, even with a healthy lifestyle.

Cholesterol Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose high cholesterol with a simple blood test and an overall heart-risk check. Common methods include:

• Lipid profile blood test (measures total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides)
• Fasting blood test (usually 9 to 12 hours of fasting)
• Review of personal and family medical history
• Physical examination
• Blood pressure check
• Blood sugar test to check for diabetes
• Thyroid function tests if needed
• Liver and kidney function tests
• ECG or further heart tests if complications are suspected

Cholesterol Treatment

Treatment focuses on lowering LDL, raising HDL, and reducing the overall risk of heart disease. It usually combines lifestyle changes with medicine when needed.

Home Remedies

• Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans
• Use healthy fats like olive oil and nuts in moderation
• Choose lean protein such as fish, chicken, and pulses
• Limit fried, fatty, and ultra-processed foods
• Avoid trans fats and reduce saturated fat intake
• Add soluble fibre foods like oats and lentils to your meals
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week
• Quit smoking
• Limit alcohol intake

• Medications

(Always taken under a doctor's supervision)

• Statins to lower LDL cholesterol
• Ezetimibe to reduce cholesterol absorption
• PCSK9 inhibitor injections in selected cases
• Bile acid binding resins
• Fibrates to lower triglycerides
• Niacin in selected cases
• Omega-3 fatty acid prescriptions for high triglycerides

Medical Treatments

• Regular follow-up lipid profile tests
• Lifestyle counselling with a dietitian or nutritionist
• Treatment of underlying conditions such as diabetes or thyroid problems
• Heart-risk assessment and management of blood pressure
• In severe genetic cases, LDL apheresis (a special blood-cleaning procedure)

Cholesterol Complications

If left untreated, high cholesterol can lead to serious health problems:

• Coronary artery disease
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Peripheral artery disease
• High blood pressure
• Chest pain (angina)
• Fatty liver disease
• Reduced blood flow to the kidneys
• Erectile dysfunction in men
• Sudden cardiac death in severe cases

Get Expert Advice on Marham for Cholesterol Treatment

High cholesterol is a leading risk factor for heart disease in Pakistan, and the best way to manage it is with the help of an expert. Marham connects you with trusted, verified, and experienced cardiologists, endocrinologists, and general physicians who can guide you through testing, lifestyle planning, and treatment. Book an appointment with the best diabetologist through Marham today!

Disclaimer

Marham shares expert-reviewed information to support your health journey. The information on this page is only to guide and inform you. For any personal advice, it’s always best to check with a medical professional.