The exact cause of spina bifida is not fully known. It develops due to a mix of factors during early pregnancy: Folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy Family history of neural tube defects Genetic factors Use of certain anti-seizure medicines during pregnancy Poorly controlled diabetes in the mother Obesity during pregnancy High body temperature in early pregnancy Exposure to certain toxins

Spina Bifida Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention

Spina Bifida Meaning in Urdu

ریڑھ کی ہڈی کی پیدائشی خرابی، جسے سپائنا بائفیڈا کہا جاتا ہے، ایک ایسی بیماری ہے جس میں بچے کی ریڑھ کی ہڈی پیدائش سے پہلے مکمل طور پر بند نہیں ہو پاتی۔ اس کی وجہ سے بچے کی کمر کے نچلے حصے میں ابھار یا تھیلی نمودار ہو سکتی ہے۔ شدید صورتوں میں بچے کو چلنے، پیشاب یا فضلے پر قابو رکھنے میں دشواری ہو سکتی ہے۔ حمل کے دوران فولک ایسڈ کا استعمال اس بیماری کے خطرے کو کم کرتا ہے۔

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About Spina Bifida

Spina bifida meaning in Urdu is "ریڑھ کی ہڈی کی پیدائشی خرابی". It is a birth defect in which the spine and spinal cord do not form properly during the first month of pregnancy. The spinal cord is a key part of the nervous system, and any damage to it can affect movement, feeling, bladder control, and bowel control.

Spina bifida ranges from very mild forms that cause no problems to severe forms that need surgery soon after birth. The most common type, called spina bifida occulta, is so mild that many people never know they have it. The most severe type is called myelomeningocele. Folic acid taken before and during early pregnancy greatly reduces the risk of this condition.

Spina Bifida Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type and severity of spina bifida. Common signs include:

A visible bulge on the lower back at birth
A small dimple on the lower back
A tuft of hair on the lower back
A red or dark birthmark over the spine
Weakness in the legs
Paralysis of the legs in severe cases
Loss of feeling in the legs
Problems with walking
Loss of bladder control
Loss of bowel control
Build-up of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus)
Curved spine (scoliosis)
Latex allergy
Learning difficulties in some cases
Seizures in severe cases

Seek a doctor's help immediately if you notice:

A bulge or sac on the baby's lower back at birth
Sudden swelling on the back
Signs of infection at the spine area
Trouble feeding or breathing in a newborn
Sudden change in leg movement
Sudden loss of bladder or bowel control
Severe headache, vomiting, or change in alertness

Spina Bifida Causes

The exact cause of spina bifida is not fully known. It develops due to a mix of factors during early pregnancy:

Folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy
Family history of neural tube defects
Genetic factors
Use of certain anti-seizure medicines during pregnancy
Poorly controlled diabetes in the mother
Obesity during pregnancy
High body temperature in early pregnancy
Exposure to certain toxins

Spina Bifida Risk Factors

A baby is more likely to have spina bifida if the mother:

Did not take folic acid before pregnancy
Has a family history of neural tube defects
Has had a previous baby with spina bifida
Has poorly controlled diabetes
Is obese during pregnancy
Takes certain anti-seizure medicines
Had a high fever in early pregnancy
Has been exposed to certain toxins

Spina Bifida Prevention

Spina bifida cannot always be prevented, however the risk can be greatly reduced by:

Taking 400 to 800 mcg of folic acid daily before pregnancy
Continuing folic acid through the first trimester
Eating folate-rich foods like leafy greens, beans, and citrus
Avoiding high doses of vitamin A in pregnancy
Controlling diabetes well before and during pregnancy
Maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy
Avoiding overheating in early pregnancy
Discussing seizure medicines with a doctor before conceiving
Avoiding alcohol and smoking during pregnancy

Spina Bifida Types

There are three main types of spina bifida, grouped by severity and how much the spine is affected:

Spina Bifida Occulta

This is the mildest and most common form. The spine has a small gap, however the spinal cord and nerves usually remain in place. Most people with this type have no symptoms and find out by accident on an X-ray.

Meningocele

In this type, a fluid-filled sac pushes out through the gap in the spine. The sac contains the protective covering of the spinal cord, however the spinal cord itself stays in place. Surgery is usually needed to repair the sac.

Myelomeningocele

This is the most severe type. The sac contains both the spinal cord and nerves, which stick out of the back at birth. Babies with this form usually need urgent surgery and lifelong care.

Spina Bifida Diagnosis

Spina bifida can be diagnosed during pregnancy or after birth. Tests include:

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test
Detailed ultrasound during pregnancy
Amniocentesis if results are unclear
Fetal MRI in selected cases
Physical examination of the newborn
Spinal X-rays in older children or adults
MRI or CT scan of the spine
Ultrasound of the head to check for hydrocephalus

Spina Bifida Treatment

Spina bifida cannot be cured. Treatment focuses on closing the spinal defect and managing related problems. The plan depends on the type and severity.

Home Remedies

(Home care supports medical treatment but cannot replace it.)

Follow the doctor's care plan strictly
Use latex-free items for the child
Help the child with daily exercises and physiotherapy
Keep the skin clean and check for sores
Help with bladder and bowel routines
Make sure the child takes all medicines on time
Attend all follow-up appointments

Medications

(All medicines must be prescribed by a specialist.)

Antibiotics to prevent infections
Medicines to manage bladder problems
Stool softeners for bowel control
Pain relievers when needed
Medicines for seizures if present

Medical Treatments

Surgery to close the spinal opening soon after birth
Prenatal surgery in selected cases (in specialized centers)
Shunt placement for hydrocephalus
Orthopedic care for hip, knee, and foot problems
Bracing or walking aids
Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Occupational therapy
Bladder and bowel management programs
Treatment of scoliosis if present
Long-term care from a multi-specialty team

Spina Bifida Complications

Spina bifida can cause several complications, especially in severe forms:

Mobility problems and paralysis
Hydrocephalus (fluid in the brain)
Tethered spinal cord
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Kidney damage
Bowel and bladder control problems
Pressure sores from reduced sensation
Latex allergy
Learning and attention issues
Scoliosis and other bone problems
Sleep apnea
Depression and social difficulties

Get Expert Advice on Marham for Spina Bifida Treatment

Spina bifida needs a strong team of specialists and long-term follow-up. Marham helps you connect with trusted, verified, and experienced pediatricians, and gynecologists who can guide families before, during, and after pregnancy. Book an appointment with the best doctors for spina bifida through Marham today.

Disclaimer

Marham shares expert-reviewed information to support your health journey. The information on this page is only to guide and inform you. For any personal advice, it’s always best to check with a medical professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I book appointment with specialist of Spina Bifida?

You can book your appointment with a specialist of Spina Bifida by calling at 042-34500888.

Are there any additional charges when you book an appointment through marham.pk?

No, there are no extra charges to book an appointment through marham.pk.

Can spina bifida be detected before birth?

Yes. A blood test for alpha-fetoprotein, a detailed ultrasound, and in some cases amniocentesis can detect spina bifida during pregnancy. This allows the family and doctors to plan delivery and early treatment.

Is spina bifida curable?

There is no permanent cure. Mild forms may need no treatment. Moderate to severe forms can be improved with surgery and long-term care, however the spinal cord damage that has already happened cannot be fully reversed.

What is the role of folic acid in preventing spina bifida?

Folic acid is the single most important step in prevention. Taking 400 to 800 mcg daily before and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of spina bifida and other neural tube defects by up to 70 percent.

Can children with spina bifida live a normal life?

Many children with mild forms live full, normal lives. Children with severe forms may face mobility, bladder, and learning challenges. With early surgery and long-term care, many of them can still attend school, work, and live with independence.

Is spina bifida hereditary?

Family history slightly raises the risk, however most cases occur in families with no previous history. Genetic factors are only one part of the cause. Folic acid intake before pregnancy is the main protective factor.

Which doctor treats spina bifida in Pakistan?

Spina bifida is treated by a team. This usually includes a pediatrician, neurologist, neurosurgeon, orthopedic surgeon, urologist, and physiotherapist. The family also needs counselling and long-term support.

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Spina Bifida Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention