The main causes and contributing factors include: Inhaling bacteria from an infected person’s cough or sneeze HIV Cancer Diabetes Malnutrition Living or working in crowded environments Poor ventilation Close contact with TB patients Incomplete TB treatment in the past Travel to TB-prevalent regions Substance abuse (alcohol or drugs) Smoking

Tuberculosis Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Tuberculosis Meaning in Urdu

تپ دق یا ٹی بی ایک خطرناک بیکٹیریل انفیکشن ہے جو زیادہ تر پھیپھڑوں کو متاثر کرتا ہے، لیکن یہ جسم کے دوسرے حصوں میں بھی پھیل سکتا ہے۔ یہ بیماری عام طور پر ایک متاثرہ شخص کی کھانسی یا چھینک کے ذریعے پھیلتی ہے۔ اگر بروقت علاج نہ کیا جائے تو یہ جان لیوا بھی ہو سکتی ہے۔ تاہم، یہ قابل علاج اور قابل بچاؤ بیماری ہے۔

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About Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis meaning in Urdu is “تپ دق” or “ٹی بی”. It is a contagious infection caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB mostly affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body such as the spine, kidneys, or brain.

It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. TB can remain inactive (latent) or become active and symptomatic. Active TB requires long-term antibiotic treatment. With proper diagnosis and a full course of treatment, you can cure TB and prevent it from spreading.

Tuberculosis Symptoms

Common signs of active TB include:

Persistent cough for more than 3 weeks
Blood in mucus
Chest pain
Fever
Night sweats
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Chills
Swollen lymph nodes

Seek medical help if you experience:

A long-lasting cough
Cough with blood
High fever
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss

Tuberculosis Causes

The main causes and contributing factors include:

Inhaling bacteria from an infected person’s cough or sneeze
HIV
Cancer
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Living or working in crowded environments
Poor ventilation
Close contact with TB patients
Incomplete TB treatment in the past
Travel to TB-prevalent regions
Substance abuse (alcohol or drugs)
Smoking

Tuberculosis Risk Factors

You may have a higher chance of getting TB if you:

Have a weak immune system
Have close contact with someone who has active TB
Travel to or live in TB-prevalent regions
Are a healthcare worker
Are malnourished
Use tobacco or drugs
Have had incomplete TB treatment before
Are a child or elderly person

Tuberculosis Prevention

You can prevent TB with these simple but important steps:

Get BCG vaccination (especially for children)
Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
Ensure proper ventilation in homes and workplaces
Screen and treat latent TB in high-risk people
Improve overall immunity with good nutrition
Use protective masks in high-risk areas
Regular TB testing in healthcare settings

Tuberculosis Types

Tuberculosis is classified based on its activity level and the area it affects. Here are the main types explained in simple terms:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis:

This type mainly affects the lungs and is the most common and contagious form. It spreads through coughing and sneezing.

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis:

This form affects body parts other than the lungs, such as lymph nodes, bones, kidneys, or brain. It is less contagious but can be more complicated to treat.

Latent Tuberculosis:

In this type, the bacteria stay inactive in the body. The person doesn’t feel sick and can’t spread TB to others. However, it can become active later if the immune system weakens.

Active Tuberculosis:

This type starts when TB germs grow and cause symptoms. It can spread to others and needs quick treatment with antibiotics.

Miliary Tuberculosis:

This is a rare but dangerous type of TB. The germs spread through the blood and can damage many body parts at the same time. Without treatment, it can be life-threatening.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis:

This type happens when TB germs stop responding to regular medicines. It needs longer and stronger treatment with special drugs.

Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Doctors may use several tests to confirm TB and determine its type and severity:

Medical history and physical exam
Sputum test
Tuberculin skin test
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays
Chest X-ray
CT scan
Bronchoscopy
Biopsy
MRI
Urine or blood tests

Tuberculosis Treatment

TB treatment aims to kill bacteria, prevent spread, and avoid complications. It involves long-term medications and careful monitoring.

Medications:

Standard antibiotic regimen
Continued treatment with fewer drugs
Directly Observed Therapy
Special regimens for drug-resistant TB

Supportive Measures:

Isolation during the infectious stage
Nutritional support to improve recovery
Regular follow-up testing
Treatment of side effects from medication
Oxygen support for severe cases

Treatment for Latent TB:

Short-term preventive therapy (usually 3–4 months)
Regular health checkups

Tuberculosis Complications

If not treated early, TB can cause serious problems:

Permanent lung damage
Spread to bones, brain, or kidneys
Tuberculosis meningitis (brain infection)
Spinal TB leading to deformities
Severe weight loss
Weakness
Difficulty breathing
Infertility
Liver toxicity
Drug-resistant TB
Death in chronic untreated cases

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Marham shares expert-reviewed information to support your health journey. The information on this page is only to guide and inform you. For any personal advice, it's always best to check with a medical professional.

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Tuberculosis Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment