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Craniopharyngioma is a rare non-cancerous tumor that starts in a location near the pituitary gland. Although it can affect people of any age it is more commonly diagnosed in children and elderly people. The growth rate of this tumor is slow but as it increases in size it can affect pituitary and other brain structures in the vicinity. Children affected by this tumor may show a slowed down growth rate and are prone to end up smaller than expected.
These tumors are composed partly of a solid mass and some portion has a fluid-filled cyst. Although these don't spread to other organs but can exert pressure due to an increase in their size. These can affect several brain functions and hence need to be treated.
Craniopharyngioma can exhibit the following symptoms:
The exact cause of these tumors is not well understood yet but these are suspected to be due to abnormal changes during embryogenesis. Abnormal metaplasia may be the cause of these tumors. These arise from craniopharyngeal duct's epithelial remnants.
No environmental or genetic risk factors have been found to influence the risk of these tumors. These are best deemed to be sporadic.
There are no known ways to prevent the occurrence of craniopharyngioma. However, radiation and radiotherapy are used after treatment to prevent regrowth of these tumors.
Two types of these tumors are recognized. These are:
