Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms, Types, Causes and Prevention

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) in Urdu

اٹینشن ڈیفیسیٹ یائپر ایکٹیویٹی ڈس آڈر سے متاثرہ افراد توجہ کے ارتکاز اور اضطراری رویوں پر قابو نہیں رکھ سکتے۔ اکثر یہ بیماری بچوں میں تشخیص کی جاتی ہے جو کہ بہت زیادہ اچھل کود اور بے ہنگم رویوں کا باعث بنتی ہے۔ اس بیماری سے متاثرہ بچے اور بڑے غیر معمولی طور پر حرلت پیں رہتے ہیں، بیت زیادہ بولنا، توجی مرتکز نہ کر سکنا، اور دی گئی ہدایات پر عمل پیرا نہ ہو سکنا اس بیماری کی چند علامات میں شامل ہیں۔ 

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Asst. Prof. Dr. Naseem Chaudhry

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Dr. Arooj Fatima

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Summary about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) in English

ADHD is an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The condition is one of the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, commonly diagnosed in childhood and lasts far into adulthood. Children with ADHD may struggle to pay attention, manage impulsive behaviors (doing without considering the consequences), or be highly active. While symptoms of hyperactivity get better with age, inattention, disorganization, and substandard impulse control persist throughout teenage and remain in adulthood.

ADHD Facts and Figures

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US, the cases of ADHD in children have doubled in the last few decades. They also report that every 5 in 10 children with ADHD have behavioral issues. Some facts and statistics about ADHD reported by an article in the Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences are given below:

Prevalence in Pakistan 2.49%
Commonly AffectsChildren 
At-Risk GenderMales are 3 times more at risk
Age for Early symptoms 3 to 4 Years
Average Age for Diagnosis 7 Years
Problems related to ADHDAnxiety, Depression, Learning difficulties, and Sleep problems 
Specialists who Treat ADHDPsychiatrists

Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)

Losing focus, misbehaving, and hyperactivity in children are common. So, how to know if your child has ADHD? Children with this condition don't just grow out of these behaviors. ADHD symptoms in toddlers, children, and adults can include:

  • Daydreaming a lot
  • Taking unnecessary risks or making careless mistakes
  • Fidgeting
  • Forgetting or losing things a lot
  • Talking too much
  • Having trouble taking turns
  • Having a hard time resisting temptation
  • Difficulty getting along with others
  • Disorganization 
  • Impulsiveness

Causes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)

Although the cause and risk factors of ADHD are unknown, recent research indicates that heredity plays a significant influence. Scientists are also investigating other causes and risk factors along with genetics, including:

  • Brain injury
  • Exposure to environmental risks such as lead at a young age or during pregnancy
  • Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy
  • Low birth weight
  • Premature delivery

Preventive Measures of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)

There is no way to prevent ADHD, but avoiding cigarettes, alcohol, or other drugs during pregnancy may help you. The treatment options can include the following: 

  • In most cases, ADHD is treated through medication and behavior therapy.
  • Behavioral therapy, especially training for parents, is recommended as the first line of treatment before medication is tried for children 4-5 years of age with ADHD.

There are different strategies to deal with ADHD in adults. Good treatment plans include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making adjustments, when necessary, along the way. You can now consult with the Best Psychiatrists in Pakistan from the comfort of your home through Marham. 

Types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)

Diagnoses of ADHD are very different and so are the plans for treatment and prevention. As per the American Psychiatric Association, there are three types of ADHD:

1. Inattentive Type

To be diagnosed with the inattentive type of ADHD, the individual must display at least six of the nine symptoms that follow:

  • Not paying attention to detail Paying no attention to details
  • Erring carelessly
  • Finding it difficult to concentrate and remain fixed on a task
  • Failing to listen attentively
  • Displaying an inhibited ability to follow orders or comprehend them
  • Trying not to come across more effort-requiring tasks
  • Failing to stay focused
  • Forgetting easily
  • Frequently losing important stuff that would be required to accomplish tasks.

2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

To be diagnosed with the hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, the individual must display at least six of the nine symptoms that follow:

  • Fiddling around
  • Wriggling
  • Not properly-remaining seated; often standing up
  • Running and sprinting around or trying to climb in times that are inappropriate
  • it difficult to play silently
  • Excessively conversing
  • Talking out of turn or blurting out Not waiting for their turn to talk
  • Frequently interrupting others
  • It seems as if they are being driven by a motor.

3. Combined Type

The combined type, which has both inattentive and hyperactive-impulse ADHD symptoms, is the most frequently diagnosed ADHD type.

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