Multiple Myeloma Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Multiple Myeloma Meaning in Urdu

ملٹی پل مائیلوما ایک قسم کا کینسر ہے جو ہڈیوں کے گودے (بون میرو) میں موجود پلازما سیلز کو متاثر کرتا ہے۔ پلازما سیلز سفید خون کے خلیوں کی ایک قسم ہیں جو جسم میں انفیکشن سے لڑنے کے لیے اینٹی باڈیز بناتے ہیں۔ جب یہ خلیے غیر معمولی طور پر بڑھنے لگتے ہیں تو وہ صحت مند خلیوں کی جگہ لے لیتے ہیں اور ہڈیوں کے گودے میں جمع ہو جاتے ہیں، جس سے جسم کی مدافعتی صلاحیت متاثر ہوتی ہے اور ہڈیوں میں درد، کمزوری، اور دیگر پیچیدگیاں پیدا ہو سکتی ہیں۔

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About Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, which are white blood cells found in the bone marrow. These cells normally help fight infections by producing antibodies. However, in multiple myeloma, they grow uncontrollably and crowd out healthy blood cells.

The abnormal plasma cells produce excessive amounts of abnormal proteins, which can cause damage to the bones, kidneys, and immune system. This condition typically develops slowly and may not cause symptoms initially. Over time, it can lead to bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, anemia, and kidney problems.

Multiple Myeloma Symptoms

The symptoms of multiple myeloma vary, but common signs include:

Persistent bone pain (especially in the back or ribs)
Frequent infections
Fatigue and weakness
Unexplained weight loss
Excessive thirst
Dehydration
Nausea
Constipation
Numbness
Tingling in the limbs
Shortness of breath
Easy bruising

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience:

Signs of kidney failure
Repeated infections that don’t improve
Unusual bleeding

Multiple Myeloma Causes

The exact cause of multiple myeloma is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:

Genetic mutations in plasma cells
Family history of multiple myeloma or blood cancers
Exposure to radiation or industrial chemicals
Weakened immune system
Certain viral infections (such as HIV)
Older age (most common in people over 60)
Male gender (slightly higher risk)
Obesity and poor lifestyle habits

Multiple Myeloma Risk Factors

Some risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing multiple myeloma:

Age above 60 years
Family history of blood cancers
Male gender
Obesity
Lack of physical activity
Exposure to harmful chemicals
Previous history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
Radiation exposure
Weakened immune system

Multiple Myeloma Prevention

There is no known way to completely prevent multiple myeloma, but these steps may reduce risk and promote overall health:

Maintain a healthy body weight
Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Exercise regularly
Get routine medical checkups, especially if you have a family history
Manage chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption

Multiple Myeloma Types

Multiple myeloma can be classified based on the proteins produced or disease progression:

1. Smoldering (Asymptomatic) Multiple Myeloma:

This type doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms but can progress over time. Regular monitoring is essential to treat it.

2. Active (Symptomatic) Multiple Myeloma:

This type is characterized by symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, and kidney dysfunction that require immediate treatment.

3. Nonsecretory Multiple Myeloma:

It is a rare form where plasma cells do not produce detectable abnormal proteins. This makes the diagnosis more complex.

4. Light Chain Multiple Myeloma:

In this type, only parts of antibodies called light chains are produced, which can build up and cause kidney damage.

5. Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma:

It occurs when myeloma cells spread outside the bone marrow into other tissues or organs.

Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis

When a doctor suspects multiple myeloma, they may perform the following tests:

Blood tests to detect abnormal proteins and calcium levels
Urine tests to identify light chains or Bence Jones proteins
Bone marrow biopsy to check for abnormal plasma cells
Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI, or CT scans) to look for bone damage
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation tests
Kidney function tests
Cytogenetic testing to identify genetic abnormalities
Complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate anemia or low blood counts

Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Treatment for Multiple Myeloma depends on the stage, age, and overall health of the patient. Common methods are:

Medications and Therapies:

Chemotherapy drugs to kill cancer cells
Corticosteroids to control inflammation and reduce symptoms
Immunomodulatory drugs
Targeted therapy to attack specific cancer cell proteins
Monoclonal antibodies for immune-based treatment

Stem Cell Transplant:

It is a high-dose chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant to restore healthy bone marrow function.

Radiation Therapy:

It is used to relieve bone pain or treat specific areas of bone damage.

Supportive Care:

Pain management
Bone-strengthening medications
Blood transfusions for anemia
Antibiotics for infections
Kidney support
Proper hydration

Multiple Myeloma Complications

Without proper treatment, multiple myeloma can lead to several complications:

Bone fractures
Osteoporosis
Kidney failure
Anemia
Fatigue
Frequent infections
High calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia)
Nerve damage
Spinal cord compression
Bleeding disorders
Increased risk of other cancers
Reduced quality of life

Get Expert Advice on Marham for Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Marham helps you connect with experienced healthcare professionals to obtain professional guidance. Through Marham, you can find the best oncologist in Pakistan for multiple myeloma who provides expert treatment advice.

Disclaimer

Marham shares expert-reviewed information to support your health journey. The information on this page is only to guide and inform you. For any personal advice, it's always best to check with a medical professional.

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Multiple Myeloma Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment