Meningitis Meaning in Urdu, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

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Meningitis Meaning in Urdu

میننجائٹس دماغ اور ریڑھ کی ہڈی کو ڈھکنے والی جھلیوں کی سوجن ہے، جو انفیکشن یا دیگر وجوہات کی وجہ سے ہو سکتی ہے۔ یہ حالت بہت تیزی سے سنگین ہو سکتی ہے، خاص طور پر بچوں اور بوڑھوں میں۔ میننجائٹس میں بخار، سر درد، گردن کی اکڑن جیسی علامات ظاہر ہو سکتی ہیں۔ فوری تشخیص اور علاج سے پیچیدگیاں روکی جا سکتی ہیں۔

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About Meningitis

Meningitis meaning in Urdu is “دماغ کی جھلیوں کی سوزش”. It is the inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. 

Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening and requires urgent treatment. Viral meningitis is usually less severe and may improve on its own. 

Meningitis can affect people of all ages, but it's most dangerous for babies, young children, and the elderly. If not treated quickly, it may lead to brain damage, hearing loss, or even death.

Meningitis Symptoms

Symptoms may appear suddenly and worsen quickly. Common signs to look out for:

• High fever
• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Nausea 
• Vomiting
• Sensitivity to light
• Difficulty concentrating
• Sleepiness 
• Trouble waking
• Seizures
• Cold hands and feet
• Rapid breathing
• Pale  skin

In babies, additional symptoms may include:

• Constant crying
• Bulging soft spot on the head
• Poor feeding
• Sluggishness

Seek immediate care if you notice:

• Sudden high fever with a stiff neck
• Seizures
• Extreme sleepiness
• Sensitivity to light
• Sudden confusion

Meningitis Causes

The most common causes of meningitis include:

• Bacterial infections
• Viral infections
• Fungal infections
• Parasitic infections (rare)
• Tuberculosis
• Autoimmune diseases
• Certain medications
• Cancer
• Head injury
• Brain or spinal surgery
• Weakened immune system

Meningitis Risk Factors

You may be at greater risk of meningitis if you have:

• A weak immune system
• Close contact with someone who has meningitis
• Living in  crowded places
• Age under 5 or over 60
• No vaccination history
• Recent upper respiratory infection
• Skull surgery
• Travel to areas with meningitis outbreaks
• Chronic diseases like diabetes
• Exposure to certain animals

Meningitis Prevention

You can reduce your risk of meningitis by following these steps:

• Get vaccinated
• Wash hands regularly
• Avoid sharing personal items (utensils, drinks)
• Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals
• Maintain a strong immune system with good nutrition
• Promptly treat ear and sinus infections
• Follow proper food hygiene
• Use face masks in high-risk areas
• Early diagnosis and isolation in suspected cases

Meningitis Types

Meningitis can be classified by its cause. Each type behaves differently and requires a specific treatment approach:

Bacterial Meningitis:

This type is severe and potentially fatal. It spreads through close contact, coughing, or sneezing. It needs urgent antibiotic treatment and sometimes hospitalization.

Viral Meningitis:

It is usually milder and more common, especially in children. It clears up on its own within a week or two. It’s caused by viruses like enteroviruses or the herpes virus.

Fungal Meningitis:

This type is rare and usually affects people with weakened immune systems. It results from inhaling fungal spores. To treat it, you will need long-term antifungal treatment.

Parasitic Meningitis:

This type occurs due to parasites, including amoebas. It is quite rare but often fatal.

Non-Infectious Meningitis:

It occurs due to conditions like lupus, cancer, or a reaction to medications. It is not contagious, but it can still be serious.

Tuberculous Meningitis:

This type is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It develops slowly and is more common in countries with high TB rates. It requires months of treatment.

Meningitis Diagnosis

Doctors use several tests to detect meningitis and identify its type:

• Physical exam
• Lumbar puncture
• Blood cultures
• CT or MRI scan to check for brain swelling
• Chest X-ray to check for TB
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for viral DNA
• Fungal cultures
• Tuberculin skin test
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Neurological examination

Meningitis Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of meningitis. Immediate care is important.

Bacterial Meningitis:

• IV antibiotics
• Corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling
• Hospitalization and close monitoring
• Supportive care

Viral Meningitis:

• Pain relievers
• Rest 
• Hydration
• Antiviral drugs

Fungal Meningitis:

• Long-term antifungal medications
• Hospital care for severe cases
• Immune system support

Supportive Care:

• Fluids through IV
• Oxygen therapy
• Anti-seizure medications
• Treatment for complications like hearing loss
• Rehabilitation if brain function is affected

Meningitis Complications

If not treated promptly, meningitis can lead to serious health problems:

• Brain damage
• Hearing loss
• Seizures
• Memory problems
• Vision loss
• Kidney failure
• Paralysis
• Shock 
• Organ failure
• Learning disabilities in children
• Developmental delays in babies
• Death (especially from bacterial meningitis)

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Disclaimer

Marham shares expert-reviewed information to support your health journey. The information on this page is only to guide and inform you. For any personal advice, it's always best to check with a medical professional.