What is Nephrology

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    What is Nephrology?

    Nephrology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney-related medical conditions and diseases.

    What are the Doctors of Nephrology called?

    The doctors who treat the illnesses related to kidneys are known as nephrologists or kidney specialists. They deal with all problems ranging from electrolytes, high blood pressure, dialysis, kidney stones amongst other kidney diseases.

    When Is It Time To See A Nephrologist?

    The following signs and symptoms represent the onset or ensuing kidney diseases. However, it must be remembered that most of the lethal kidney diseases do not have any symptom other than a metallic taste in mouth or fatigue (which may indicate a ton load of other diseases as well!). Nevertheless, watch out for:

    1. Nausea and vomiting
    2. Passing only small amounts of urine
    3. Swelling, particularly of the ankles, and puffiness around the eyes
    4. Unpleasant taste in the mouth and urine-like odor to the breath
    5. Persistent fatigue or shortness of breath
    6. Loss of appetite
    7. Increasingly higher blood pressure
    8. Muscle cramps, especially in the legs
    9. Pale skin
    10. Excessively dry, itchy skin
    11. In children: increased fatigue and sleepiness, decrease in appetite, and poor growth

    What do the Nephrologist treat?

    The common kidney diseases that nephrologists treat include:

    1. Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome (Nephropathic Cystinosis)
    2. Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
    3. Acetaminophen-induced Nephrotoxicity
    4. Acute Kidney Failure/Acute Kidney Injury
    5. Acute Lobar Nephronia
    6. Acute Phosphate Nephropathy
    7. Acute Tubular Necrosis
    8. Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
    9. Adenovirus Nephritis
    10. Alagille Syndrome
    11. Alport Syndrome
    12. Amyloidosis
    13. ANCA Vasculitis Related to Endocarditis and Other Infections
    14. Angiomyolipoma
    15. Analgesic Nephropathy
    16. Anorexia Nervosa and Kidney Disease
    17. Angiotensin Antibodies and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
    18. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
    19. Anti-TNF-α Therapy-related Glomerulonephritis
    20. APOL1 Mutations
    21. Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
    22. Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy, Chinese Herbal Nephropathy, Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
    23. Bartter Syndrome
    24. Beeturia
    25. β-Thalassemia Renal Disease
    26. Bile Cast Nephropathy
    27. BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy in the Native Kidney
    28. Bladder Rupture
    29. Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia
    30. Bladder Tamponade
    31. Border-Crossers’ Nephropathy
    32. Bourbon Virus and Acute Kidney Injury
    33. Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting and Acute Renal Dysfunction
    34. Byetta and Renal Failure
    35. C1q Nephropathy
    36. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Acute Renal Failure
    37. Cardiorenal syndrome
    38. Carfilzomib-Indiced Renal Injury
    39. CFHR5 nephropathy
    40. Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease with Glomerulopathy
    41. Cherry Concentrate and Acute Kidney Injury
    42. Cholesterol Emboli
    43. Churg–Strauss syndrome
    44. Chyluria
    45. Cocaine and the Kidney
    46. Colistin Nephrotoxicity
    47. Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
    48. Collapsing Glomerulopathy, Collapsing Glomerulopathy Related to CMV
    49. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
    50. Conorenal syndrome (Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome or Saldino-Mainzer Disease)
    51. Contrast Nephropathy
    52. Copper Sulpfate Intoxication
    53. Cortical Necrosis
    54. Crizotinib-related Acute Kidney Injury
    55. Cryoglobuinemia
    56. Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy
    57. Crystal-Induced Acute Kidney injury
    58. Cystic Kidney Disease, Acquired
    59. Cystinuria
    60. Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria
    61. Dense Deposit Disease (MPGN Type 2)
    62. Dent Disease (X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis)
    63. DHA Crystalline Nephropathy
    64. Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
    65. Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease
    66. Diabetes Insipidus
    67. Dietary Supplements and Renal Failure
    68. Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
    69. Down Syndrome and Kidney Disease
    70. Drugs of Abuse and Kidney Disease
    71. Duplicated Ureter
    72. EAST syndrome
    73. Ebola and the Kidney
    74. Ectopic Kidney
    75. Ectopic Ureter
    76. Edema, Swelling
    77. Erdheim-Chester Disease
    78. Fabry’s Disease
    79. Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
    80. Fanconi Syndrome
    81. Fraser syndrome
    82. Fibronectin Glomerulopathy
    83. Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis and Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy
    84. Fraley syndrome
    85. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Sclerosis, Focal Glomerulosclerosis
    86. Galloway Mowat syndrome
    87. Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis with Kidney Involvement
    88. Gestational Hypertension
    89. Gitelman Syndrome
    90. Glomerular Diseases
    91. Glomerular Tubular Reflux
    92. Glycosuria
    93. Goodpasture Syndrome
    94. Hair Dye Ingestion and Acute Kidney Injury
    95. Hantavirus Infection Podocytopathy
    96. Heat Stress Nephropathy
    97. Hematuria (Blood in Urine)
    98. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)
    99. Hemophagocytic Syndrome
    100. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
    101. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS, Hantavirus Renal Disease, Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathis Epidemica)
    102. Hemosiderinuria
    103. Hemosiderosis related to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Hemolytic Anemia
    104. Hepatic Glomerulopathy
    105. Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease, Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
    106. Hepatitis C-Associated Renal Disease
    107. Hepatorenal Syndrome
    108. Herbal Supplements and Kidney Disease
    109. High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease
    110. HIV-Associated Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK)
    111. HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)
    112. HNF1B-related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
    113. Horseshoe Kidney (Renal Fusion)
    114. Hunner’s Ulcer
    115. Hyperaldosteronism
    116. Hypercalcemia
    117. Hyperkalemia
    118. Hypermagnesemia
    119. Hypernatremia
    120. Hyperoxaluria
    121. Hyperphosphatemia
    122. Hypocalcemia
    123. Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitic Syndrome
    124. Hypokalemia, Hypokalemia-induced renal dysfunction
    125. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
    126. Hypomagnesemia
    127. Hyponatremia
    128. Hypophosphatemia
    129. IgA Nephropathy
    130. IgG4 Nephropathy
    131. Immune-Checkpoint Therapy-Related Interstitial Nephritis
    132. Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome (Questionnaire)
    133. Interstitial Nephritis
    134. Ivemark’s syndrome
    135. Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction
    136. Kidney Stones, Nephrolithiasis
    137. Kombucha Tea Toxicity
    138. Lead Nephropathy and Lead-Related Nephrotoxicity
    139. Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency (LCAT Deficiency)
    140. Leptospirosis Renal Disease
    141. Light Chain Deposition Disease, Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease
    142. Liddle Syndrome
    143. Lightwood-Albright Syndrome
    144. Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
    145. Lithium Nephrotoxicity
    146. LMX1B Mutations Cause Hereditary FSGS
    147. Loin Pain Hematuria
    148. Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
    149. Lupus Kidney Disease, Lupus Nephritis
    150. Lupus Nephritis with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Seropositivity
    151. Lupus Podocytopathy
    152. Lyme Disease-Associated Glomerulonephritis
    153. Lysozyme Nephropathy
    154. Malarial Nephropathy
    155. Malignancy-Associated Renal Disease
    156. Malignant Hypertension
    157. Malakoplakia
    158. Meatal Stenosis
    159. Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease, Urolodulin-Associated Nephropathy, Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Type 1
    160. Medullary Sponge Kidney
    161. Megaureter
    162. Melamine Toxicity and the Kidney
    163. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
    164. Membranous Nephropathy
    165. Membranous-like Glomerulopathy with Masked IgG Kappa Deposits
    166. MesoAmerican Nephropathy
    167. Metabolic Acidosis
    168. Metabolic Alkalosis
    169. Methotrexate-related Renal Failure
    170. Microscopic Polyangiitis
    171. Milk-alkalai syndrome
    172. Minimal Change Disease
    173. MDMA (Molly; Ecstacy; 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and Kidney Failure
    174. MUC1 Nephropathy
    175. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
    176. Multiple Myeloma
    177. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Glomerulopathy
    178. Nail-patella Syndrome
    179. Nephrocalcinosis
    180. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
    181. Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney, Renal Ptosis)
    182. Nephrotic Syndrome
    183. Neurogenic Bladder
    184. Nodular Glomerulosclerosis
    185. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
    186. Nutcracker syndrome
    187. Oligomeganephronia
    188. Orofaciodigital Syndrome
    189. Orotic Aciduria
    190. Orthostatic Hypotension
    191. Orthostatic Proteinuria
    192. Osmotic Diuresis
    193. Osmotic Nephrosis
    194. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
    195. Oxalate Nephropathy
    196. Page Kidney
    197. Papillary Necrosis
    198. Papillorenal Syndrome (Renal-Coloboma Syndrome, Isolated Renal Hypoplasia)
    199. Parvovirus B19 and the Kidney
    200. The Peritoneal-Renal Syndrome
    201. Posterior Urethral Valve
    202. Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis, Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
    203. Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (IgA-Dominant), Mimicking IgA Nephropathy
    204. Polyarteritis Nodosa
    205. Polycystic Kidney Disease
    206. Posterior Urethral Valves
    207. Preeclampsia
    208. Propofol infusion syndrome
    209. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits (Nasr Disease)
    210. Propolis (Honeybee Resin) Related Renal Failure
    211. Proteinuria (Protein in Urine)
    212. Pseudohyperaldosteronism
    213. Pseudohypobicarbonatemia
    214. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
    215. Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
    216. Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
    217. Pyonephrosis
    218. Radiation Nephropathy
    219. Ranolazine and the Kidney
    220. Refeeding syndrome
    221. Reflux Nephropathy
    222. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
    223. Renal Abscess, Peripnephric Abscess
    224. Renal Agenesis
    225. Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
    226. Renal Artery Aneurysm
    227. Renal Artery Stenosis
    228. Renal Cell Cancer
    229. Renal Cyst
    230. Renal Hypouricemia with Exercise-induced Acute Renal Failure
    231. Renal Infarction
    232. Renal Osteodystrophy
    233. Renal Tubular Acidosis
    234. Renin Mutations and Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
    235. Renin Secreting Tumors (Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor)
    236. Reset Osmostat
    237. Retrocaval Ureter
    238. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
    239. Rhabdomyolysis, Rhabdomyolysis related to Bariatric Sugery
    240. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Renal Disease
    241. Sarcoidosis Renal Disease
    242. Salt Wasting, Renal and Cerebral
    243. Schistosomiasis and Glomerular Disease
    244. Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia
    245. Scleroderma Renal Crisis
    246. Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome, Exner Syndrome
    247. Sickle Cell Nephropathy
    248. Silica Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease
    249. Sri Lankan Farmers’ Kidney Disease
    250. Sjögren’s Syndrome and Renal Disease
    251. Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Acute Kidney Injury
    252. Kidney Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Kidney Disease Related to Stem Cell Transplantation
    253. Thin Basement Membrane Disease, Benign Familial Hematuria
    254. Trigonitis
    255. Tuberculosis, Genitourinary
    256. Tuberous Sclerosis
    257. Tubular Dysgenesis
    258. Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Due to Autoantibodies to the Proximal Tubule Brush Border
    259. Tumor Lysis Syndrome
    260. Uremia
    261. Uremic Optic Neuropathy
    262. Ureteritis Cystica
    263. Ureterocele
    264. Urethral Caruncle
    265. Urethral Stricture
    266. Urinary Incontinence
    267. Urinary Tract Infection
    268. Urinary Tract Obstruction
    269. Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease
    270. Vasomotor Nephropathy
    271. Vesicointestinal Fistula
    272. Vesicoureteral Reflux
    273. Volatile Anesthetics and Acute Kidney Injury
    274. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
    275. Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
    276. Warfarin-Related Nephropathy
    277. Wasp Stings and Acute Kidney Injury
    278. Wegener’s Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
    279. West Nile Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease
    280. Wunderlich syndrome
    281. Zellweger Syndrome, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome

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