Department of Nephrology

What is Nephrology?

Nephrology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney-related medical conditions and diseases.

What are the Doctors of Nephrology called?

The doctors who treat the illnesses related to kidneys are known as nephrologists or kidney specialists. They deal with all problems ranging from electrolytes, high blood pressure, dialysis, kidney stones amongst other kidney diseases.

When Is It Time To See A Nephrologist?

The following signs and symptoms represent the onset or ensuing kidney diseases. However, it must be remembered that most of the lethal kidney diseases do not have any symptom other than a metallic taste in mouth or fatigue (which may indicate a ton load of other diseases as well!). Nevertheless, watch out for:

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Passing only small amounts of urine
3. Swelling, particularly of the ankles, and puffiness around the eyes
4. Unpleasant taste in the mouth and urine-like odor to the breath
5. Persistent fatigue or shortness of breath
6. Loss of appetite
7. Increasingly higher blood pressure
8. Muscle cramps, especially in the legs
9. Pale skin
10. Excessively dry, itchy skin
11. In children: increased fatigue and sleepiness, decrease in appetite, and poor growth

What do the Nephrologist treat?

The common kidney diseases that nephrologists treat include:

1. Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome (Nephropathic Cystinosis)
2. Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
3. Acetaminophen-induced Nephrotoxicity
4. Acute Kidney Failure/Acute Kidney Injury
5. Acute Lobar Nephronia
6. Acute Phosphate Nephropathy
7. Acute Tubular Necrosis
8. Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
9. Adenovirus Nephritis
10. Alagille Syndrome
11. Alport Syndrome
12. Amyloidosis
13. ANCA Vasculitis Related to Endocarditis and Other Infections
14. Angiomyolipoma
15. Analgesic Nephropathy
16. Anorexia Nervosa and Kidney Disease
17. Angiotensin Antibodies and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
18. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
19. Anti-TNF-α Therapy-related Glomerulonephritis
20. APOL1 Mutations
21. Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
22. Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy, Chinese Herbal Nephropathy, Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
23. Bartter Syndrome
24. Beeturia
25. β-Thalassemia Renal Disease
26. Bile Cast Nephropathy
27. BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy in the Native Kidney
28. Bladder Rupture
29. Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia
30. Bladder Tamponade
31. Border-Crossers’ Nephropathy
32. Bourbon Virus and Acute Kidney Injury
33. Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting and Acute Renal Dysfunction
34. Byetta and Renal Failure
35. C1q Nephropathy
36. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Acute Renal Failure
37. Cardiorenal syndrome
38. Carfilzomib-Indiced Renal Injury
39. CFHR5 nephropathy
40. Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease with Glomerulopathy
41. Cherry Concentrate and Acute Kidney Injury
42. Cholesterol Emboli
43. Churg–Strauss syndrome
44. Chyluria
45. Cocaine and the Kidney
46. Colistin Nephrotoxicity
47. Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
48. Collapsing Glomerulopathy, Collapsing Glomerulopathy Related to CMV
49. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
50. Conorenal syndrome (Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome or Saldino-Mainzer Disease)
51. Contrast Nephropathy
52. Copper Sulpfate Intoxication
53. Cortical Necrosis
54. Crizotinib-related Acute Kidney Injury
55. Cryoglobuinemia
56. Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy
57. Crystal-Induced Acute Kidney injury
58. Cystic Kidney Disease, Acquired
59. Cystinuria
60. Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria
61. Dense Deposit Disease (MPGN Type 2)
62. Dent Disease (X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis)
63. DHA Crystalline Nephropathy
64. Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
65. Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease
66. Diabetes Insipidus
67. Dietary Supplements and Renal Failure
68. Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
69. Down Syndrome and Kidney Disease
70. Drugs of Abuse and Kidney Disease
71. Duplicated Ureter
72. EAST syndrome
73. Ebola and the Kidney
74. Ectopic Kidney
75. Ectopic Ureter
76. Edema, Swelling
77. Erdheim-Chester Disease
78. Fabry’s Disease
79. Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
80. Fanconi Syndrome
81. Fraser syndrome
82. Fibronectin Glomerulopathy
83. Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis and Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy
84. Fraley syndrome
85. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Sclerosis, Focal Glomerulosclerosis
86. Galloway Mowat syndrome
87. Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis with Kidney Involvement
88. Gestational Hypertension
89. Gitelman Syndrome
90. Glomerular Diseases
91. Glomerular Tubular Reflux
92. Glycosuria
93. Goodpasture Syndrome
94. Hair Dye Ingestion and Acute Kidney Injury
95. Hantavirus Infection Podocytopathy
96. Heat Stress Nephropathy
97. Hematuria (Blood in Urine)
98. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)
99. Hemophagocytic Syndrome
100. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
101. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS, Hantavirus Renal Disease, Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathis Epidemica)
102. Hemosiderinuria
103. Hemosiderosis related to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Hemolytic Anemia
104. Hepatic Glomerulopathy
105. Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease, Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
106. Hepatitis C-Associated Renal Disease
107. Hepatorenal Syndrome
108. Herbal Supplements and Kidney Disease
109. High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease
110. HIV-Associated Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK)
111. HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)
112. HNF1B-related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
113. Horseshoe Kidney (Renal Fusion)
114. Hunner’s Ulcer
115. Hyperaldosteronism
116. Hypercalcemia
117. Hyperkalemia
118. Hypermagnesemia
119. Hypernatremia
120. Hyperoxaluria
121. Hyperphosphatemia
122. Hypocalcemia
123. Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitic Syndrome
124. Hypokalemia, Hypokalemia-induced renal dysfunction
125. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
126. Hypomagnesemia
127. Hyponatremia
128. Hypophosphatemia
129. IgA Nephropathy
130. IgG4 Nephropathy
131. Immune-Checkpoint Therapy-Related Interstitial Nephritis
132. Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome (Questionnaire)
133. Interstitial Nephritis
134. Ivemark’s syndrome
135. Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction
136. Kidney Stones, Nephrolithiasis
137. Kombucha Tea Toxicity
138. Lead Nephropathy and Lead-Related Nephrotoxicity
139. Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency (LCAT Deficiency)
140. Leptospirosis Renal Disease
141. Light Chain Deposition Disease, Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease
142. Liddle Syndrome
143. Lightwood-Albright Syndrome
144. Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
145. Lithium Nephrotoxicity
146. LMX1B Mutations Cause Hereditary FSGS
147. Loin Pain Hematuria
148. Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
149. Lupus Kidney Disease, Lupus Nephritis
150. Lupus Nephritis with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Seropositivity
151. Lupus Podocytopathy
152. Lyme Disease-Associated Glomerulonephritis
153. Lysozyme Nephropathy
154. Malarial Nephropathy
155. Malignancy-Associated Renal Disease
156. Malignant Hypertension
157. Malakoplakia
158. Meatal Stenosis
159. Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease, Urolodulin-Associated Nephropathy, Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Type 1
160. Medullary Sponge Kidney
161. Megaureter
162. Melamine Toxicity and the Kidney
163. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
164. Membranous Nephropathy
165. Membranous-like Glomerulopathy with Masked IgG Kappa Deposits
166. MesoAmerican Nephropathy
167. Metabolic Acidosis
168. Metabolic Alkalosis
169. Methotrexate-related Renal Failure
170. Microscopic Polyangiitis
171. Milk-alkalai syndrome
172. Minimal Change Disease
173. MDMA (Molly; Ecstacy; 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and Kidney Failure
174. MUC1 Nephropathy
175. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
176. Multiple Myeloma
177. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Glomerulopathy
178. Nail-patella Syndrome
179. Nephrocalcinosis
180. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
181. Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney, Renal Ptosis)
182. Nephrotic Syndrome
183. Neurogenic Bladder
184. Nodular Glomerulosclerosis
185. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
186. Nutcracker syndrome
187. Oligomeganephronia
188. Orofaciodigital Syndrome
189. Orotic Aciduria
190. Orthostatic Hypotension
191. Orthostatic Proteinuria
192. Osmotic Diuresis
193. Osmotic Nephrosis
194. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
195. Oxalate Nephropathy
196. Page Kidney
197. Papillary Necrosis
198. Papillorenal Syndrome (Renal-Coloboma Syndrome, Isolated Renal Hypoplasia)
199. Parvovirus B19 and the Kidney
200. The Peritoneal-Renal Syndrome
201. Posterior Urethral Valve
202. Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis, Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
203. Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (IgA-Dominant), Mimicking IgA Nephropathy
204. Polyarteritis Nodosa
205. Polycystic Kidney Disease
206. Posterior Urethral Valves
207. Preeclampsia
208. Propofol infusion syndrome
209. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits (Nasr Disease)
210. Propolis (Honeybee Resin) Related Renal Failure
211. Proteinuria (Protein in Urine)
212. Pseudohyperaldosteronism
213. Pseudohypobicarbonatemia
214. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
215. Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
216. Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
217. Pyonephrosis
218. Radiation Nephropathy
219. Ranolazine and the Kidney
220. Refeeding syndrome
221. Reflux Nephropathy
222. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
223. Renal Abscess, Peripnephric Abscess
224. Renal Agenesis
225. Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
226. Renal Artery Aneurysm
227. Renal Artery Stenosis
228. Renal Cell Cancer
229. Renal Cyst
230. Renal Hypouricemia with Exercise-induced Acute Renal Failure
231. Renal Infarction
232. Renal Osteodystrophy
233. Renal Tubular Acidosis
234. Renin Mutations and Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
235. Renin Secreting Tumors (Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor)
236. Reset Osmostat
237. Retrocaval Ureter
238. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
239. Rhabdomyolysis, Rhabdomyolysis related to Bariatric Sugery
240. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Renal Disease
241. Sarcoidosis Renal Disease
242. Salt Wasting, Renal and Cerebral
243. Schistosomiasis and Glomerular Disease
244. Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia
245. Scleroderma Renal Crisis
246. Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome, Exner Syndrome
247. Sickle Cell Nephropathy
248. Silica Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease
249. Sri Lankan Farmers’ Kidney Disease
250. Sjögren’s Syndrome and Renal Disease
251. Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Acute Kidney Injury
252. Kidney Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Kidney Disease Related to Stem Cell Transplantation
253. Thin Basement Membrane Disease, Benign Familial Hematuria
254. Trigonitis
255. Tuberculosis, Genitourinary
256. Tuberous Sclerosis
257. Tubular Dysgenesis
258. Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Due to Autoantibodies to the Proximal Tubule Brush Border
259. Tumor Lysis Syndrome
260. Uremia
261. Uremic Optic Neuropathy
262. Ureteritis Cystica
263. Ureterocele
264. Urethral Caruncle
265. Urethral Stricture
266. Urinary Incontinence
267. Urinary Tract Infection
268. Urinary Tract Obstruction
269. Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease
270. Vasomotor Nephropathy
271. Vesicointestinal Fistula
272. Vesicoureteral Reflux
273. Volatile Anesthetics and Acute Kidney Injury
274. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
275. Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
276. Warfarin-Related Nephropathy
277. Wasp Stings and Acute Kidney Injury
278. Wegener’s Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
279. West Nile Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease
280. Wunderlich syndrome
281. Zellweger Syndrome, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome

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